ATPIF1 (ATPase inhibitory factor 1), also known as ATPIF1 or IF1. is a mitochondrial protein that regulates the activity of ATP synthase, the enzyme responsible for generating ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. It functions as an endogenous inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis, preventing the reverse operation of ATP synthase under conditions of low pH or membrane potential, thereby conserving cellular ATP levels during energy stress. Dysregulation of ATPIF1 has been implicated in metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, as it influences mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular survival pathways.
Antibodies targeting ATPIF1 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and functional roles in various biological contexts. These antibodies enable researchers to detect ATPIF1 protein levels in tissues or cell lines using techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). They are particularly valuable in investigating mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic adaptation in tumors, and cellular responses to hypoxia or nutrient deprivation. Validation of ATPIF1 antibodies typically includes specificity checks using knockout cell models or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Commercial ATPIF1 antibodies are often produced in hosts like rabbits or mice, with options for monoclonal or polyclonal formats. Their applications span basic research in mitochondrial biology, as well as translational studies exploring ATPIF1 as a potential therapeutic target in diseases linked to energy metabolism imbalances.