Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of histidine to histamine, a critical biogenic amine involved in immune responses, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission. Antibodies targeting HDC are essential tools for studying histamine biosynthesis and its role in physiological and pathological processes.
HDC antibodies are widely used in research to detect and quantify HDC expression in tissues or cells, particularly in neuroendocrine cells, mast cells, and certain tumors. For example, they help investigate conditions like mast cell disorders, neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., carcinoid tumors), and gastrointestinal diseases linked to dysregulated histamine production. In autoimmune contexts, anti-HDC autoantibodies have been identified in some autoimmune gastritis cases (e.g., type A gastritis), where they may contribute to parietal cell destruction, though their clinical significance remains under study.
These antibodies are also employed in diagnostic assays, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting, to differentiate histamine-dependent pathologies from other disorders. Monoclonal HDC antibodies offer high specificity, while polyclonal versions may detect diverse epitopes. Recent studies explore their potential in targeting histamine pathways for therapeutic modulation, such as in allergies or cancer immunotherapy. Overall, HDC antibodies bridge basic research and clinical applications, enhancing understanding of histamine-related mechanisms and diseases.