TRAF5 (TNF receptor-associated factor 5) is a member of the TRAF protein family, which plays a critical role in mediating signal transduction pathways linked to immune responses, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. Structurally, TRAF5 shares conserved domains with other TRAF family members, including a C-terminal TRAF domain responsible for receptor interaction and a central coiled-coil region, but lacks the N-terminal RING finger domain found in TRAF2. TRAF3. and TRAF6. It interacts with various TNF receptor superfamily members (e.g., CD40. BAFF-R) and pattern recognition receptors (e.g., TLRs), facilitating activation of downstream signaling cascades such as NF-κB and MAPK pathways. TRAF5 is involved in regulating T-cell and B-cell functions, lymphoid organogenesis, and osteoclast differentiation. Studies highlight its dual roles—acting cooperatively or antagonistically with other TRAFs (e.g., TRAF2. TRAF3) depending on cellular context. Dysregulation of TRAF5 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Antibodies targeting TRAF5 are essential tools for investigating its expression, post-translational modifications, and interactions in both physiological and pathological settings. These antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry to elucidate TRAF5’s mechanistic contributions to disease pathways and therapeutic targets.