The ARHGAP5 antibody is a research tool targeting the ARHGAP5 protein, also known as Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 or p190-B. ARHGAP5 belongs to the RhoGAP family, which regulates Rho GTPases—key signaling molecules involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, and proliferation. Specifically, ARHGAP5 inactivates RhoA by accelerating its GTP hydrolysis, switching it from an active (GTP-bound) to an inactive (GDP-bound) state. This activity modulates cell adhesion, motility, and contractility, making ARHGAP5 critical in processes like cancer metastasis, neuronal development, and immune responses.
ARHGAP5 antibodies are widely used in studies to detect protein expression, localization, and function in cell lines, tissues, or experimental models. They are employed in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Dysregulation of ARHGAP5 has been linked to tumor progression, particularly in cancers like glioblastoma and breast cancer, where its overexpression may promote invasiveness. Conversely, reduced ARHGAP5 levels are associated with neurological disorders, highlighting its context-dependent roles.
Researchers also use ARHGAP5 antibodies to explore its interaction partners and post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which fine-tune its activity. Despite its importance, ARHGAP5's dual roles (tumor-suppressive or oncogenic) in different contexts remain under investigation, necessitating specific, high-affinity antibodies for accurate detection. Validated antibodies are essential to avoid cross-reactivity with homologous proteins like ARHGAP35 (p190-A), ensuring reliable data in both basic and translational studies.