ART5 (ADP-ribosyltransferase 5), also known as ARTC5. is a member of the ADP-ribosyltransferase family, which catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to target proteins, modulating their function. This post-translational modification plays roles in diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, signal transduction, and immune regulation. ART5 is distinguished as a secreted glycoprotein, primarily expressed in immune and cancer cells. It localizes to the extracellular membrane, where it may modify surface proteins or interact with extracellular signaling molecules.
Research has linked ART5 to cancer biology, particularly in tumor microenvironments. For instance, ART5 overexpression has been observed in certain cancers, such as gastric and lung carcinomas, where it may promote tumor progression by suppressing T-cell activation or altering chemoresistance. Its extracellular activity suggests potential involvement in immune evasion mechanisms. ART5-specific antibodies have become critical tools for detecting ART5 expression in tissues or serum, enabling studies on its diagnostic or prognostic relevance. Additionally, these antibodies facilitate functional investigations, such as blocking ART5 enzymatic activity to assess its role in cancer cell survival or immune modulation. Despite progress, the full scope of ART5's biological targets and pathways remains under exploration, with ongoing research aiming to clarify its therapeutic potential as a biomarker or immune-oncology target.