CENPO (Centromere Protein O) is a critical component of the centromere-associated complex, playing a vital role in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. It localizes to the inner plate of the kinetochore, where it interacts with other centromere proteins (CENPs) to form the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN). This network stabilizes microtubule attachments and facilitates proper spindle assembly checkpoint signaling, ensuring genomic stability. CENPO antibodies are primarily used in research to study centromere biology, mitotic regulation, and chromosomal instability in diseases like cancer. Aberrant CENPO expression has been linked to aneuploidy and tumor progression, making it a potential biomarker in oncology. Additionally, autoantibodies targeting CENPO are occasionally detected in autoimmune conditions, such as systemic sclerosis or lupus, though they are less common compared to other anti-centromere antibodies (e.g., anti-CENP-A/B). Commercially available CENPO antibodies (polyclonal or monoclonal) are utilized in techniques like immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ChIP assays to explore its structural and functional roles. Ongoing studies aim to clarify its therapeutic potential as a target for anticancer drugs or diagnostic tool for chromosomal disorders.