The SULF1 (Sulfatase 1) antibody is a tool used to study the SULF1 enzyme, a member of the extracellular sulfatase family. SULF1 plays a critical role in modulating heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) by removing 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate chains. This modification regulates interactions between HSPGs and signaling molecules, such as growth factors (e.g., FGF, VEGF) and morphogens, influencing cell signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Dysregulation of SULF1 has been implicated in cancer, fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
In cancer, SULF1 exhibits context-dependent roles, acting as either a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the cancer type and stage. For instance, it may inhibit tumor growth by attenuating growth factor signaling or promote metastasis by facilitating extracellular matrix degradation. The SULF1 antibody enables researchers to detect SULF1 protein expression and localization in tissues or cells via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. Its applications extend to studying SULF1's involvement in disease mechanisms, therapeutic responses, and biomarker discovery.
Developed against specific epitopes of human SULF1. commercial antibodies vary in species reactivity and validation standards. Proper controls are essential to ensure specificity, given potential cross-reactivity with homologous proteins like SULF2. Research using SULF1 antibodies continues to unravel its dual roles in pathophysiology, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target or diagnostic tool.