CD305. also known as leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1), is a transmembrane inhibitory receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells, it plays a regulatory role in immune responses. CD305 contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in its cytoplasmic domain, which recruit phosphatases like SHP-1/SHP-2 to dampen cellular activation signals upon ligand binding. Its ligands include collagen and other extracellular matrix components, suggesting a role in immune tolerance by sensing tissue integrity.
CD305 antibodies are tools used to study its function in immune regulation. Research indicates that CD305-mediated signaling suppresses excessive immune activation, maintaining homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Dysregulation of CD305 has been linked to autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer progression. For instance, in cancer, tumor cells may exploit CD305 signaling to evade immune surveillance. Antibodies targeting CD305 (agonist or antagonist) are explored therapeutically to modulate immune responses—blocking inhibitory signals to enhance anti-tumor immunity or activating them to treat autoimmune conditions.
Additionally, CD305 antibodies serve as diagnostic markers in flow cytometry to identify immune cell subsets. Recent studies also investigate its cross-talk with activating receptors (e.g., CD307) and potential as a biomarker for disease severity. Despite progress, its precise mechanisms and therapeutic potential require further elucidation.