The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3 (LRP3) is a member of the LDL receptor family, which plays roles in endocytosis, cell signaling, and lipid metabolism. Initially identified as a homolog of LRP1 and LRP2 (megalin), LRP3 shares structural features such as ligand-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and β-propeller domains. However, its precise biological functions remain less characterized compared to other family members. LRP3 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, brain, and placenta, suggesting involvement in diverse physiological processes.
Studies indicate that LRP3 may regulate intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, and interact with extracellular ligands to influence cellular uptake and trafficking. Emerging evidence links LRP3 to metabolic regulation, neuronal development, and cancer progression. For example, altered LRP3 expression has been observed in certain tumors, where it might modulate cell proliferation or apoptosis. In neuroscience, LRP3 is implicated in neuronal migration and synaptic function, though mechanistic details are still under investigation.
LRP3-specific antibodies are critical tools for studying its expression, localization, and interactions. These antibodies enable techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, aiding in unraveling LRP3's roles in health and disease. Despite progress, further research is needed to clarify its ligand specificity, signaling crosstalk, and potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.