**Background of BTN1A1 Antibody**
BTN1A1 (Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the B7 receptor family, which plays roles in immune regulation and lipid metabolism. Structurally, it contains immunoglobulin variable (IgV) and constant (IgC) domains, typical of immune checkpoint molecules. BTN1A1 is expressed in immune cells, epithelial tissues, and notably in mammary glands, where it facilitates milk lipid secretion by stabilizing lipid droplets.
In immunology, BTN1A1 modulates T-cell responses, potentially interacting with inhibitory receptors like BTLA or PD-1. though its exact mechanisms remain under investigation. It is implicated in autoimmune diseases, cancer immune evasion, and infectious responses, making it a target for therapeutic exploration.
BTN1A1 antibodies are tools to study its function or block its activity in research. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are engineered for specificity, aiding in detecting BTN1A1 expression in tissues or probing its role in immune suppression. Polyclonal antibodies, recognizing multiple epitopes, are used in assays like Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Therapeutic applications are emerging, with BTN1A1-targeting antibodies explored as potential checkpoint inhibitors, alone or combined with existing therapies (e.g., anti-PD-1), to enhance antitumor immunity.
Research continues to define BTN1A1’s interactions and therapeutic potential, positioning it as a novel candidate in immunomodulation and disease management.