CD61. also known as integrin β3. is a transmembrane glycoprotein subunit that pairs with α subunits (αIIb or αv) to form heterodimeric receptors critical for cell adhesion and signaling. The αIIbβ3 complex (GP IIb/IIIa) is predominantly expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes, mediating platelet aggregation by binding fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other ligands during hemostasis. In contrast, αvβ3 is expressed on endothelial cells, osteoclasts, and certain tumor cells, playing roles in angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis.
CD61 antibodies specifically target this β3 subunit and are widely used in research and diagnostics. In clinical settings, they help diagnose platelet disorders like Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a bleeding disorder caused by ITGB3 gene mutations leading to dysfunctional or absent αIIbβ3. In research, CD61 antibodies are employed in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to study platelet activation, megakaryocyte differentiation, or tumor-associated angiogenesis.
Therapeutic applications include anti-thrombotic drugs (e.g., abciximab) that block αIIbβ3 to prevent clot formation. Additionally, CD61-targeting agents are explored in oncology to inhibit αvβ3-driven tumor progression. Structural studies using these antibodies have clarified integrin activation mechanisms, conformational changes, and ligand-binding dynamics. Overall, CD61 antibodies serve as vital tools for understanding hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer biology while offering translational potential in diagnostics and targeted therapies.