CD132. also known as the common gamma chain (γc), is a critical subunit shared by multiple cytokine receptors, including those for IL-2. IL-4. IL-7. IL-9. IL-15. and IL-21. Encoded by the *IL2RG* gene, it plays a pivotal role in immune cell development, activation, and homeostasis by facilitating signal transduction through the JAK-STAT pathway. Defects in CD132 are linked to X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), a life-threatening condition characterized by absent T and NK cells and dysfunctional B cells.
CD132-specific antibodies are essential tools for studying γc-dependent cytokine signaling and immune dysregulation. In research, they enable receptor blocking, flow cytometric detection, and investigation of γc expression in immune subsets. Clinically, therapeutic antibodies targeting CD132 or its associated pathways are explored for modulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and SCID-X1 gene therapy. Some approaches aim to restore γc function or inhibit hyperactive signaling.
As a shared receptor subunit, CD132's broad immunological roles make it a focal point for both mechanistic studies and translational applications, bridging basic immunology with therapeutic innovation.