**Background of CD101 Antibody**
CD101. also known as immunoglobulin superfamily member V7 (IGSF2), is a cell surface glycoprotein predominantly expressed on immune cells, including subsets of T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Discovered in the 1990s, CD101 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and features extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. Its structure suggests roles in cell adhesion and signaling.
Functionally, CD101 is implicated in immune regulation. Studies highlight its involvement in modulating T-cell activation and tolerance. CD101 interacts with ligands like CD31 (PECAM-1), potentially delivering inhibitory signals to suppress excessive immune responses, thereby maintaining homeostasis. It is also linked to the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are critical for preventing autoimmunity.
In disease contexts, CD101 has dual roles. It is upregulated in certain cancers, where it may promote immune evasion by dampening anti-tumor T-cell activity. Conversely, reduced CD101 expression is associated with autoimmune disorders, suggesting its protective role in inflammation control.
CD101 antibodies, developed for research and therapeutic exploration, are used to study its biology via flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or functional blocking assays. Preclinical studies explore targeting CD101 to enhance anti-tumor immunity or mitigate autoimmune inflammation.
Current research focuses on clarifying CD101's signaling mechanisms and validating its therapeutic potential, with early-phase clinical trials investigating CD101-targeted agents in oncology and autoimmunity. Its unique position in immune regulation makes CD101 a compelling target for immunotherapy strategies.