CD116 antibody targets the CD116 antigen, a subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR). CD116. also known as GM-CSFRα, is a transmembrane protein that binds GM-CSF, a cytokine critical for the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of myeloid cells, including granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Structurally, CD116 pairs with the β-common chain (CD131) to form a functional high-affinity receptor complex, activating downstream signaling pathways like JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT.
CD116 expression is primarily observed on hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, and certain epithelial cells. Its dysregulation is linked to inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and hematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD116 antibodies are widely used in research to study GM-CSF/CSF2R signaling, immune cell functions, and disease mechanisms. In diagnostics, these antibodies help detect aberrant CD116 expression in malignant cells via flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry.
Therapeutically, CD116-targeting antibodies are explored as antagonists to block GM-CSF-driven inflammation or oncogenic signaling. For example, anti-CD116 agents are in preclinical or early clinical trials for conditions like multiple sclerosis or cytokine release syndromes. However, challenges remain in balancing efficacy with potential immunosuppressive effects. Overall, CD116 antibodies serve as vital tools for understanding immune regulation and developing targeted therapies.