The DHRSX antibody is designed to target the dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member X protein, encoded by the DHRSX gene located on the X chromosome. This gene is part of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, which plays roles in diverse metabolic pathways, including steroidogenesis, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. DHRSX is of particular interest due to its evolutionary history; it originated from a retrocopy of the DHRS2 gene and has undergone pseudogenization in some species, though it remains functional in humans.
Functionally, DHRSX is implicated in regulating retinoic acid metabolism, potentially influencing cellular differentiation and development. Its expression is tissue-specific, with higher levels observed in the liver, kidney, and reproductive organs. Dysregulation of DHRSX has been linked to certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer, suggesting a possible role in tumor suppression or oncogenic pathways.
Antibodies against DHRSX are primarily used in research to study its expression patterns, subcellular localization (predominantly cytoplasmic), and interaction networks. These tools aid in elucidating its physiological roles and mechanisms in development, homeostasis, and disease. Validation methods for DHRSX antibodies often include Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, with careful attention to cross-reactivity due to homology with other SDR family members.