The ISM1 (Isthmin 1) antibody targets a secreted protein encoded by the *ISM1* gene, initially identified in zebrafish for its role in embryonic development, particularly at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. In humans, ISM1 is implicated in diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and immune regulation. Structurally, ISM1 contains a thrombospondin type-1 repeat (TSR) domain and two scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, suggesting roles in extracellular signaling and protein interactions. Dysregulation of ISM1 has been linked to cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
ISM1 antibodies are essential tools for detecting ISM1 expression and localization in tissues or cells via techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. They also enable functional studies, such as blocking ISM1 activity to explore its physiological or pathological roles. These antibodies are typically developed in hosts like rabbits or mice, with specificity validated through knockout controls or peptide blocking assays. Recent studies emphasize ISM1's dual role in cancer—acting as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis or inducing apoptosis in certain contexts, while potentially promoting metastasis in others. Its metabolic functions, including interactions with insulin signaling pathways, further underscore its relevance in diabetes and obesity research.
Ongoing research aims to clarify ISM1's mechanisms and therapeutic applications, driving demand for high-quality antibodies to support biomedical discoveries.