KHSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein), also known as KSRP, is an RNA-binding protein belonging to the conserved family of KH-domain proteins. It plays a multifaceted role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by influencing mRNA stability, splicing, and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. KHSRP interacts with AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs, often promoting their degradation through recruitment of deadenylases and exonucleases. This activity links KHSRP to critical processes such as innate immune responses, cell differentiation, and cancer progression. For example, it regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and tumor-associated transcripts, making it a focus in immunology and oncology research.
In miRNA biogenesis, KHSRP facilitates the processing of precursor miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) by interacting with Drosha and Dicer complexes, thereby modulating gene silencing. Its role varies contextually, as it can act as a decay-promoting factor or a stabilizer depending on cellular signals and binding partners. Dysregulation of KHSRP is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, muscle atrophy, and viral infections, where its RNA-regulatory functions are hijacked or disrupted.
KHSRP antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and molecular interactions. They are widely used in techniques like Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence to investigate KHSRP's involvement in RNA metabolism pathways. Validated antibodies help dissect its dual roles in mRNA decay and miRNA maturation, offering insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Commercial KHSRP antibodies are typically raised against specific epitopes, with validation in knockout models to ensure specificity.