CD206. also known as the macrophage mannose receptor (MRC1), is a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily expressed on the surface of macrophages, particularly the alternatively activated M2 subset. It plays a critical role in innate immunity by recognizing pathogen-associated carbohydrate patterns (e.g., mannose, fucose) on microbes, facilitating their phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Additionally, CD206 is involved in tissue remodeling, immune tolerance, and resolution of inflammation, making it a key marker for distinguishing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages from anti-inflammatory or repair-oriented M2 macrophages.
CD206 antibodies are essential tools for identifying and studying macrophage polarization in various pathological contexts, including cancer, fibrosis, and infectious diseases. In cancer research, CD206+ macrophages are often associated with tumor progression and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Structurally, CD206 contains multiple functional domains, such as cysteine-rich regions and carbohydrate recognition domains, which mediate ligand binding and endocytic functions.
These antibodies are widely used in techniques like flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot to assess macrophage phenotypes and their functional roles. Clinically, CD206 expression has been explored as a prognostic biomarker in diseases like melanoma and liver fibrosis, while its therapeutic targeting is being investigated to modulate immune responses. Overall, CD206 antibodies provide critical insights into macrophage biology and their dual roles in host defense and disease pathogenesis.