The STAP1 (Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein 1) antibody is a tool used to study the STAP1 protein, which belongs to the STAP family of adaptor proteins involved in intracellular signaling. STAP1 contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a proline-rich region, enabling interactions with signaling molecules like kinases and phosphatases. It functions as a signaling mediator in pathways such as the JAK-STAT cascade, T-cell receptor signaling, and cytokine signaling, influencing immune regulation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation of STAP1 has been linked to diseases, including hematologic malignancies (e.g., leukemia), lymphomas, and autoimmune disorders. Certain mutations in STAP1 are also associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, highlighting its role in lipid metabolism.
STAP1 antibodies are widely used in research to detect protein expression, localization, and post-translational modifications via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. They help elucidate STAP1's mechanistic roles in disease pathways and its potential as a therapeutic target. Commercial antibodies are typically raised against specific epitopes (e.g., human STAP1 N-terminal or C-terminal regions) and validated for specificity across human, mouse, or rat samples. Recent studies employing these antibodies have explored STAP1's interplay with oncogenic signaling networks and its impact on immune cell activation, advancing understanding of its dual roles in cancer and metabolic disorders.