BTNL8 (Butyrophilin-like 8) is a member of the butyrophilin family, a group of proteins structurally related to the B7 family of immune regulators. These proteins are known for their roles in modulating immune responses, particularly in T-cell activation and inflammation. BTNL8 shares conserved structural features with other butyrophilins, including immunoglobulin-like domains, and is thought to participate in immune checkpoint pathways, though its exact functional mechanisms remain less characterized compared to well-studied family members like BTNL3 or BTN1A1.
Expression of BTNL8 has been observed in specific tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and certain immune cells, suggesting context-dependent roles in mucosal immunity or epithelial barrier regulation. Emerging studies link BTNL8 to autoimmune diseases and cancer, where its aberrant expression may influence immune evasion or disease progression. For example, BTNL8 has been implicated in regulating γδ T-cell activity, a subset of T-cells critical for bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
Antibodies targeting BTNL8 are valuable tools for elucidating its biological functions. They enable researchers to study protein localization, interaction partners, and signaling pathways through techniques like immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, or functional assays. However, challenges persist due to the protein’s structural complexity and potential cross-reactivity with other butyrophilin family members. Ongoing research aims to clarify BTNL8’s therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, where modulating immune checkpoints holds promise for improving antitumor responses.