The Glutaredoxin-2 (GLRX2) antibody is a key tool for studying the mitochondrial isoform of glutaredoxins, a family of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases involved in redox regulation. GLRX2. encoded by the GLRX2 gene in humans, plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis by catalyzing reversible protein glutathionylation and reducing disulfide bonds. Unlike cytosolic glutaredoxins, GLRX2 localizes primarily to mitochondria, where it participates in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis, antioxidant defense, and protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Its function is closely linked to mitochondrial metabolism, including interactions with complexes in the electron transport chain.
GLRX2 antibodies are widely used in research to detect protein expression levels via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. These antibodies help elucidate GLRX2's tissue-specific expression, subcellular localization, and regulatory mechanisms under physiological or pathological conditions, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Studies suggest GLRX2 dysregulation may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, making it a potential biomarker or therapeutic target.
Commercially available GLRX2 antibodies are typically raised against conserved epitopes, ensuring cross-reactivity in human, mouse, and rat models. Validation includes testing for specificity using knockout controls or siRNA knockdown. Researchers rely on these antibodies to explore GLRX2's role in redox signaling, Fe-S protein maturation, and its interplay with other antioxidant systems like thioredoxin, advancing understanding of mitochondrial resilience and disease pathways.