CMTR2 (Cap Methyltransferase 2), also known as HCMV1 or ISG95. is a protein-coding gene that plays a critical role in RNA processing and gene expression regulation. It functions as a cap methyltransferase, catalyzing the methylation of the 2'-O-ribose position of the first transcribed nucleotide in mRNA, a modification essential for RNA stability, nuclear export, and efficient translation. This process is part of the mRNA capping mechanism, which is conserved across eukaryotes and vital for normal cellular function.
CMTR2 is particularly notable for its involvement in innate immunity. It methylates viral RNA, enabling the host to distinguish self from non-self RNA, thereby modulating antiviral responses. Dysregulation of CMTR2 has been linked to viral pathogenesis, autoimmune disorders, and cancers, making it a potential therapeutic target. For example, some viruses exploit or inhibit CMTR2 activity to evade immune detection.
Antibodies targeting CMTR2 are valuable tools in studying its expression, localization, and interaction partners. They are used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation to explore its role in RNA metabolism, immune signaling, and disease mechanisms. Research using CMTR2 antibodies has advanced understanding of post-transcriptional regulation and host-pathogen interactions, highlighting its dual role in cellular homeostasis and immune defense.