TSR1 (Transportin-SR2), also known as Transportin-3 or TNPO3. is a nuclear transport receptor belonging to the importin-β family. It facilitates the nuclear import of specific cargo proteins, particularly those involved in mRNA processing and splicing, such as serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. TSR1 recognizes cargoes via their phosphorylated RS (arginine-serine) domains, playing a critical role in regulating gene expression and RNA metabolism. Dysregulation of TSR1 has been implicated in diseases like cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Antibodies targeting TSR1 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and functional interactions. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation to investigate TSR1's role in cellular processes. For instance, studies utilizing TSR1 antibodies have revealed its involvement in HIV-1 replication, where it mediates nuclear import of viral integrase. In cancer research, these antibodies help explore TSR1's association with splicing dysregulation and tumor progression. Additionally, TSR1 antibodies contribute to understanding its interactions with disease-linked proteins, such as FUS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Commercial TSR1 antibodies are typically validated for specificity across human and model organisms, supporting both basic and translational research.