PTGER4 (Prostaglandin E Receptor 4), also known as EP4. is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid mediator involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis. As a member of the prostaglandin receptor family, PTGER4 activates intracellular signaling pathways, including cAMP and β-arrestin, to modulate physiological processes such as vascular relaxation, pain perception, and immune cell activation. Its role in cancer progression has gained significant attention, as PTGER4 is often overexpressed in tumors and contributes to angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment.
PTGER4 antibodies are critical tools for investigating receptor expression, localization, and function in both normal and pathological contexts. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry to study PTGER4's involvement in diseases such as colorectal cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, therapeutic antibodies targeting PTGER4 are under exploration to block PGE2-mediated signaling in cancer and chronic inflammation. Research also highlights PTGER4's dual role in immune regulation, where it may either promote or suppress inflammation depending on the cellular context, making it a complex but promising target for precision medicine.