BetaII-tubulin, a specific isoform of the β-tubulin family, is a crucial structural component of microtubules, which play vital roles in cellular processes such as mitosis, intracellular transport, and cell shape maintenance. Encoded by the *TUBB2B* gene in humans, betaII-tubulin is prominently expressed in neurons, where it contributes to axonal growth, neuronal differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Its expression is not exclusive to neural tissues but is also observed in certain non-neuronal cells during development or regeneration.
Antibodies targeting betaII-tubulin are widely used as markers for neurons and neuronal precursors in immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blotting. These antibodies help distinguish mature neurons from other cell types, aiding studies in neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease), and neuro-oncology (e.g., glioblastoma). Their specificity for the betaII isoform minimizes cross-reactivity with other β-tubulin isoforms, such as betaIII-tubulin (common in immature neurons) or betaI-tubulin (ubiquitous in most cells).
Commercial betaII-tubulin antibodies are typically raised against conserved epitopes, ensuring reactivity across species like humans, mice, and rats. However, validation in specific experimental contexts (e.g., fixed vs. fresh tissues) is recommended due to potential epitope masking. Overall, betaII-tubulin antibodies remain indispensable tools for exploring neuronal biology and disease mechanisms.