HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein encoded by the HINT1 gene, belonging to the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily. It is characterized by a conserved HIT motif (His-X-His-X-X-His) involved in nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. HINT1 plays multifaceted roles in cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, tumor suppression, and modulation of neurotransmitter signaling. Studies suggest its involvement in pathways such as AP-1-mediated transcription, μ-opioid receptor signaling, and DNA damage response. Dysregulation of HINT1 has been linked to various diseases, including cancer (e.g., reduced expression in tumors), neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, anxiety), and neuropathy.
HINT1 antibodies are critical tools for investigating these biological and pathological mechanisms. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to detect HINT1 expression, localization, and interactions in tissues and cell lines. Commercially available antibodies are typically raised against specific epitopes, such as the N-terminal or C-terminal regions, with validation across multiple applications. Recent research utilizing HINT1 antibodies has highlighted its tumor-suppressive role through interactions with oncoproteins like MITF and its regulation of ion channels in neuronal excitability. These antibodies also contribute to exploring HINT1's potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker, particularly in cancers and neurological conditions.