Interleukin-17 receptor B (IL17RB), a member of the IL-17 receptor family, is a cell surface protein involved in pro-inflammatory signaling and immune regulation. It binds primarily to IL-17B and IL-17E (IL-25), activating downstream pathways like NF-κB and MAPK, which drive cytokine production and immune cell recruitment. IL17RB is expressed on epithelial cells, immune cells (e.g., Th2. ILC2s), and certain cancer cells, linking it to allergic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and tumor progression.
In diseases, IL17RB/IL-25 signaling promotes type 2 immunity, contributing to asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic disorders. In oncology, IL17RB overexpression in pancreatic, breast, and liver cancers correlates with poor prognosis, enhancing tumor cell survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Targeting IL17RB with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy. Preclinical studies show anti-IL17RB mAbs block ligand-receptor interactions, suppressing inflammation in asthma models and inhibiting tumor growth by disrupting pro-survival signals. Some antibodies also enhance chemotherapy efficacy in cancers.
Despite promise, clinical translation remains limited. Research focuses on optimizing antibody specificity, understanding receptor heterodimerization (e.g., with IL17RA), and balancing therapeutic effects against potential immune suppression risks. IL17RB antibodies represent a dual-purpose tool for modulating immune dysregulation and oncogenic signaling, though further validation in human trials is needed.