EMC10 (Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Complex Subunit 10) is a conserved component of the ER membrane protein complex, which plays a critical role in protein folding, lipid homeostasis, and organelle crosstalk. The EMC10 gene encodes two isoforms: a canonical transmembrane isoform (EMC10) localized to the ER and a secreted isoform (sEMC10) released extracellularly. While the ER-resident EMC10 contributes to membrane protein biogenesis, sEMC10 has been implicated in modulating cellular signaling pathways, including those linked to obesity and metabolic disorders.
Antibodies targeting EMC10 are essential tools for studying its dual roles. Research shows that EMC10 expression is dysregulated in cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 exploits EMC complexes for replication). sEMC10. acting as a hormonal ligand, binds to integrins or BMP receptors, influencing adipogenesis and energy metabolism. EMC10 antibodies enable detection of isoform-specific localization, protein-protein interactions, and functional studies via knockdown/overexpression models. Recent studies also explore their therapeutic potential; for example, neutralizing sEMC10 antibodies could mitigate metabolic syndrome in preclinical models. However, challenges remain in distinguishing isoforms due to shared epitopes. Advances in antibody engineering, such as isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies, continue to refine its applicability in diagnostics and mechanistic research.