The CYB5R3 antibody targets cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3), a critical enzyme involved in electron transfer reactions. CYB5R3 exists in two isoforms: a soluble form in erythrocytes and a membrane-bound form in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. It plays a key role in reducing ferric hemoglobin (methemoglobin) to functional ferrous hemoglobin, maintaining oxygen-carrying capacity. Additionally, it participates in fatty acid desaturation, cholesterol synthesis, and drug metabolism by interacting with cytochrome b5.
Mutations in the CYB5R3 gene are linked to recessive congenital methemoglobinemia (Types I and II), characterized by cyanosis and neurological complications. Type II, involving systemic enzyme deficiency, is particularly severe. CYB5R3 dysregulation has also been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders.
CYB5R3 antibodies are essential tools for studying enzyme expression, localization, and function. They enable detection via Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, aiding in research on oxygen metabolism, redox biology, and disease mechanisms. Commercial antibodies are typically validated for specificity against human, mouse, or rat CYB5R3 isoforms. Recent studies also explore its role as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in conditions like cancer and Alzheimer’s disease.