EFHD2 (EF-hand domain-containing protein 2), also known as Swiprosin-1. is a calcium-binding protein implicated in diverse cellular processes, including apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization, and immune regulation. It contains two EF-hand motifs that enable calcium-dependent interactions, modulating its activity in signaling pathways. EFHD2 is expressed in various tissues, with higher levels observed in the brain, immune cells, and testes. Studies highlight its role in neuronal function, particularly in regulating tau protein aggregation linked to Alzheimer’s disease, and in immune responses, where it influences B-cell and T-cell signaling, migration, and activation.
EFHD2 antibodies are essential tools for investigating its expression, localization, and molecular interactions. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation to study EFHD2's involvement in diseases. For instance, research using these antibodies has revealed EFHD2's upregulation in neurodegenerative conditions and certain cancers, suggesting its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target. Antibody specificity is often validated via knockout (KO) models or siRNA knockdown to ensure minimal cross-reactivity. Commercial EFHD2 antibodies are typically raised against conserved epitopes, allowing cross-reactivity in human, mouse, and rat samples. Recent work also explores EFHD2's mitochondrial role in apoptosis, underscoring the antibody's utility in dissecting context-dependent functions. Overall, EFHD2 antibodies remain critical for unraveling its physiological and pathological mechanisms.