Growth hormone (GH) antibodies are immunological tools developed to detect, quantify, or modulate the activity of growth hormone, a peptide hormone critical for growth, metabolism, and cell repair. GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates processes like tissue development, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity via interactions with the GH receptor. Antibodies targeting GH are typically monoclonal or polyclonal, generated by immunizing animals (e.g., rabbits, mice) with purified human GH or synthetic peptide fragments.
These antibodies are widely used in research and diagnostics. In research, they enable techniques like ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to study GH expression, localization, and regulation in tissues. They also help investigate GH-related disorders, such as growth hormone deficiency or excess (e.g., gigantism, acromegaly). In clinical diagnostics, GH-specific antibodies underpin assays for measuring serum GH levels, aiding in the diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction or growth disorders.
Some therapeutic antibodies or antibody fragments are explored for blocking excessive GH activity in conditions like acromegaly. Specificity and cross-reactivity are critical considerations, as GH shares structural similarities with prolactin and placental lactogen. Validating GH antibodies involves testing against recombinant proteins or knockout models to ensure minimal cross-reactivity. Overall, these antibodies remain indispensable for advancing both basic research and clinical management of GH-associated pathologies.