Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, functions as a transcription factor regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and cell differentiation. It is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. PPARδ activates target genes by binding to peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) upon heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR). Its role in metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders has made it a key research focus.
PPARδ antibodies are essential tools for detecting and quantifying PPARδ protein expression in research. They enable studies on its tissue-specific localization, post-translational modifications, and interactions with co-regulators. Commonly used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), these antibodies aid in elucidating PPARδ's physiological and pathological mechanisms. For instance, they help investigate PPARδ's involvement in improving insulin sensitivity, promoting fatty acid oxidation, or driving tumor progression in certain cancers. Validation of antibody specificity is critical, as cross-reactivity with other PPAR isoforms (α/γ) may occur. Researchers often employ knockout controls or epitope mapping to confirm accuracy. Commercially available PPARδ antibodies are typically raised against conserved regions (e.g., N-terminal or ligand-binding domains) across species, facilitating cross-species studies in models of obesity, atherosclerosis, or Alzheimer’s disease.