Ethan Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS, IN REINEM ZUSTAND GERUCHLOS.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Das Gas mischt sich leicht mit Luft. Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische. Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert heftig mit Halogenenund starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV (als Aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgase: Alkane (C1-C4)): 1000 ppm (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Entweichen aus dem Behälter verdampft die Flüssigkeit sehr schnell, wobei die Luft verdrängt wird. Ernste Erstickungsgefahr in geschlossenen Räumen.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Schnelle Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit kann zu Erfrierungen führen.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät. Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Belüftung. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
Beschreibung
Ethane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas
that is relatively inactive chemically and is considered
nontoxic. It is shipped as a liquefied
compressed gas under its vapor pressure of 544
psig at 70°F (3750 kPa at 21.1℃).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Ethane is a compressed, liquefied, colorless gas. Mild, gasoline-like odor. Odorless when pure.
History
Ethane was first synthesized in 1834 by Michael Faraday
(1791–1867) through the electrolysis of acetate solutions, although Faraday believed the
compound was methane. Twenty years later Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818–1884)
incorrectly identified ethane as the methyl radical in his research, and Edward Frankland
(1825–1899) prepared ethane by treating ethyl iodine (C
2H
5I) with metals.
Verwenden
In the manufacture of chlorinated derivatives; as refrigerant in some two-stage refrigeration systems where relatively low temperatures are produced; as fuel gas (so called "bottled gas" or "suburban propane" contains about 90% propane, 5% ethane, and 5% butane).
Vorbereitung Methode
The synthesis of ethane takes place through a process called Kolbe synthesis. In this processacetic acid (CH
3COOH) undergoes electrolysis to oxidize acetate ions at the anode of an electrochemicalcell to produce acetate radicals: CH
3COO- → CH
3COO?. Two acetate radicals thencombine to give ethane and carbon dioxide: CH
3COO? + CH
3COO? → C
2H
6 + 2CO
2.
Definition
A gaseous alkane
obtained either from the gaseous fraction
of crude oil or by the ‘cracking’ of heavier
fractions. Ethane is the second member of
the homologous series of alkanes.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless odorless gas. ETHANE is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. ETHANE can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as ETHANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. Peroxidizable
Hazard
Severe fire risk if exposed to sparks or open
flame. Flammable limits in air 3–12%. An asphyxiant gas.
Health Hazard
Like methane, ethane is a nonpoisonous gas.It is a simple asphyxiate. At high concentrationsit may exhibit narcotic effects.
Brandgefahr
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and METHANE (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Materials Uses
Ethane is noncorrosive and may be contained in
installations constructed of any common metals
designed to withstand the pressure involved.
Sicherheitsprofil
A simple asphyxiant.
See ARGON for properties of simple
asphyxiants. A very dangerous fire hazard
when exposed to heat or flame; can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Moderate explosion hazard when exposed
to flame. To fight fire, stop flow of gas.
Incompatible with chlorine, doxygenyl
tetrafluoroborate, oxidizing materials, heat
or flame. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
mögliche Exposition
Ethane is used as a fuel, in making
chemicals or as a freezing agent. The health effects caused
by ethane exposure are much less serious than the fire and
explosion risk posed by this chemical
Carcinogenicity
Syrian hamster embryo cells
were exposed in vitro to ethane gas. After exposure, the cells
were removed and assayed for viability and increased sensitivity
to viral transformation. Ethane was determined to be
inactive.
Lager
All the precautions required for the safe handling
of any flammable compressed gas must be
observed with ethane. It is important that ignition
sources be kept away from containers, including
situations where leakage could cause
the gas to ignite by such sources as a spark from
a motor. AlI piping and equipment used with
ethane should be grounded.
Ethane should not be stored with cylinders
containing oxygen, chlorine, or other oxidizing
or combustible materials.
Versand/Shipping
UN1035 (compressed gas); UN1961 (refrigerated
liquid): Ethane, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-Flammable
gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels
from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas
cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR)
to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without
the express written permission of the owner.
läuterung methode
Ethylene can be removed by passing the gas through a sintered-glass disc into fuming H2SO4 then slowly through a column of charcoal saturated with bromine. Bromine and HBr are removed by passage through firebrick coated with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine. The ethane is also passed over KOH pellets (to remove CO2) and dried with Mg(ClO4)2. Further purification is by several distillations of liquified ethane, using a condensing temperature of -195o. Yang and Gant [J Phys Chem 65 1861 1961] treated ethane by standing it for 24hours at room temperature in a steel bomb with activated charcoal treated with bromine. They then immersed the bomb in a Dry-ice/acetone bath and transferred the ethane to an activated charcoal trap cooled in liquid nitrogen. (The charcoal had previously been degassed by pumping for 24hours at 450o.) By allowing the trap to warm slowly, the ethane distils, and only the middle third fraction is kept. Removal of methane is achieved using Linde type 13X molecular sieves (previously degassed by pumping for 24hours at 450o) in a trap which, after cooling in Dry-ice/acetone, is saturated with ethane. After pumping for 10minutes, the ethane is recovered by warming the trap to 25o. (The final gas contains less than 10-4 mole % of either ethylene or methane). [Beilstein 1 IV 108.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Flammable gas; forms explosive mixture
with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions.
May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause
ignition of its vapors.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Dissolve or mix the material with
a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
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