파이렌 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
Pyrene is a colorless crystalline solid when
pure or pale yellow plates (impure). Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds containing multiple
benzene rings and are also called polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons. Solids and solutions have a Blue fluores-
cence (Merck Index).
물리적 성질
Colorless solid (tetracene impurities impart a yellow color) or monoclinic prisms crystallized from
alcohol. Solutions have a slight blue fluorescence.
용도
Pyrene occurs in coal tar. Also obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of hard coal. Found in wastewater in aquatic environments, and possesses genotoxic characteristics relating to estrogenic/andr
ogenic, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity.
생산 방법
There is no commercial production or known use for this
compound. Pyrene has been used as starting material for the
synthesis of benzo[a]pyrene.
정의
A condensed ring hydro-
carbon.
일반 설명
Colorless solid, solid and solutions have a slight blue fluorescence. Used in biochemical research.
공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
Pyrene reacts with nitrogen oxides to form nitro derivatives. Pyrene also reacts with 70% nitric acid.
위험도
A questionable carcinogen, absorbed by
skin.
건강위험
Pyrene is a carcinogenic agent and is absorbed by the skin. It is a skin irritant, a suspected mutagen, and an equivocal tumor-causing agent. Workers exposed to 3 to 5 mg/m3 of Pyrene exhibited some teratogenic effects. Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The acute toxicity of pure PAHs appears low when administered orally or dermally to rats or mice. Human exposure to PAHs is almost exclusively via the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and approximately 99 percent is ingested in the diet. Despite the high concentrations of Pyrene to which humans may be exposed through food, there is currently little information available to implicate diet-derived PAHs as the cause of serious health effects.
화재위험
When heated to decomposition, Pyrene emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety Profile
Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A sh irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
잠재적 노출
Pyrene is used as an industrial chemi-
cal and in biochemical research.
Carcinogenicity
Pyrene was inactive as a tumor initiator. Based on
inadequate animal data and no human data, the IARC
classified pyrene as group 3, not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans, and IRIS classified pyrene
as a class D compound. Pyrene is present as a major
component of the total content of PAHs in the environment.
Exposure occurs primarily through tobacco smoke,
inhalation of polluted air, and by ingestion of food and
water.
운송 방법
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz-
ardous material, Technical Name Required.
Purification Methods
Crystallise pyrene from EtOH, glacial acetic acid, *benzene or toluene. Purify it also by chromatography of CCl4 solutions on alumina, with *benzene or n-hexane as eluent. [Backer & Whitten J Phys Chem 91 865 1987.] It can also be zone refined and purified by sublimation. Marvel and Anderson [J Am Chem Soc 76 5434 1954] refluxed pyrene (35g) in toluene (400mL) with maleic anhydride (5g) for 4days, then added 150mL of aqueous 5% KOH and refluxed for 5hours with occasional shaking. The toluene layer was separated, washed thoroughly with H2O, concentrated to about 100mL and allowed to cool. Crystalline pyrene was filtered off and recrystallised three times from EtOH or acetonitrile. [Chu & Thomas J Am Chem Soc 108 6270 1986, Russell et al. Anal Chem 50 2961 1986.] The material is free from anthracene derivatives. Another purification step involves passage of pyrene in cyclohexane through a column of silica gel. It can be sublimed in a vacuum and zone refined. The picrate has m 224o. [Kano et al. J Phys Chem 89 3748 1985, Beilstein 5 IV 2467.]
비 호환성
Pyrene Dust may form explosive mixture
with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates,
peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,
fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides. Pyrene reacts with nitrogen oxides to
form nitro derivatives. It also reacts with 70% nitric
acid
폐기물 처리
Dissolve or mix the
material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must
be observed .
파이렌 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
