ミリスチン酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色、粒状
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される脂肪酸である。
溶解性
水に不溶。冷エタノールに難溶。エーテル, 熱エタノールに易溶。エタノールに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
ミリスチン酸，ミリスチンサン，n‐テトラデカン酸ともいう。炭素数14の直鎖飽和脂肪酸。天然油脂，蠟成分としてグリセリド，エステルの形で広く分布し，とくにヤシ科植物の油，たとえばパーム油(1％)，パーム核油(14.1％)に含有される。白色板状晶，甘酸っぱい味とココナッツ様風味をもつ。グリセリンエステルとしてパーム油，パーム核油などに含まれる．小板状晶．融点54 ℃，沸点250.5 ℃(13.3 kPa)，199 ℃(2.1 kPa)．d5440.8622，d9040.8394．n60D1.4305．メタノール，エーテル，ベンゼン，クロロホルムに可溶．水，冷エタノールに難溶。グリセリンエステルとして広く動植物油中に含まれ，特にヤシ油中に多い。化粧品，ペイントなどに使用。
用途
有機合成原料(エステル)、機器分析の標準。
化粧品の成分用途
不透明化剤、洗浄剤、香料
説明
Myristic acid, also called tetradecanoic acid , is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH
3(CH
2)
12COOH. A myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid.
Myristic acid is named after the nutmeg Myristica fragrans. Nutmeg butter is 75 % trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butter fat and is a minor component of many other animal fats. It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale.
Myristic acid is also commonly added co-translationally to the penultimate, nitrogen-terminus, glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. The myristic acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.
The ester isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.
Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.
化学的特性
Myristic acid occurs as an oily white crystalline solid with a faint
odor.
天然物の起源
Reported found in nutmeg, palm seed, sperm whale oil, blue cheese, burley tobacco, cooked beef and chicken,
fish, rum, apricot, banana, lemon and grapefruit juice, cranberry, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, raspberry, strawberry fruit and jam,
cucumber, tomato, many cheeses, thyme, breads, butter, milk, lamb liver, pork, hop oil, beer, cognac, whiskies, peanut oil, cocoa, tea,
coconut meat and milk, cloudberry, beans, passion fruit, mushroom, mango, starfruit, tamarind, kelp, cardamom, rice, buckwheat,
watercress, malt, wort, loquat, Bourbon vanilla, lemon balm, shrimp, nectarine, crab, scallop, squid, cape gooseberry, Chinese
quince, pawpaw and sweet grass oi
使用
Myristic Acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in nutmeg, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and butter fat.
定義
ChEBI: A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.
製造方法
From fatty acid mixture of palm seed oil
調製方法
Myristic acid occurs naturally in nutmeg butter and in most animal
and vegetables fats. Synthetically, it may be prepared by electrolysis
of methyl hydrogen adipate and decanoic acid or by Maurer
oxidation of myristyl alcohol.
一般的な説明
Oily white crystalline solid.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
火災危険
Myristic acid is probably combustible.
応用例（製薬）
Myristic acid is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Myristic acid has been evaluated as a penetration enhancer in
melatonin transdermal patches in rats and bupropion formulations
on human cadaver skin.Further studies have assessed the
suitability of myristic acid in oxymorphone formulations and
clobetasol 17-propionate topical applications.Furthermore,
polyvinyl alcohol substituted with myristic acid (as well as other
fatty acids) at different substitution degrees has been used for the
preparation of biodegradable microspheres containing progesterone
or indomethacin.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
route. Mutation data reported. An eye and
human skin irritant. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
安全性
Myristic acid is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations
and is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant at the
levels employed as an excipient. However, myristic acid is reported
to be an eye and skin irritant at high levels and is poisonous by
intravenous administration. Mutation data have also been
reported.
LD
50 (mouse, IV): 0.043 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): >10 g/kg
貯蔵
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a
cool, dry, place.
純化方法
Purify the acid via the methyl ester (b 153-154o/10mm, n25 1.4350), as for capric acid. [Trachtman & Miller J Am Chem Soc 84 4828 1962.] Also purify it by zone melting. It crystallises from pet ether, and is dried in a vacuum desiccator containing shredded wax. [Beilstein 2 IV 1126.]
不和合性
Myristic acid is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and
bases.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
ミリスチン酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品