Orris oil 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
化学的特性
Orris root oil is obtained by steam distillation of the rhizomes of the sweet iris,
Iris pallida Lam. (Iridaceae), cultivated in the Italian province of Tuscany and in
China, or Iris germanica L., cultivated inMorocco. Prior to distillation, the
rhizomes are stored for several years and are then ground.The steam distillate is a light yellow to brown-yellow solid mass with a violet-like odor.The solid liquefies
to a yellow to yellow-brown liquid at 38–50 ℃.
Acid number: 175–235, corresponding to an acid content of 71–95% (calculated
as myristic acid); ester number: 4–35; ketone content (calculated as irone):
9–20%; soluble with ethanol in all proportions at 50 ℃.
Because of its high content of myristic and other fatty acids, the steam distillate
is a waxy mass that resembles a concrete and is sold under this name or as Beurre
d’Iris (Orris butter). In addition, a neutral product, obtained after removal of the
acids with alkali, is marketed under the name orris oil absolute or as orris oil 10-fold.
The main constituents of the oils are cis-γ-irone (usually 30–40%) and cis-α-
irone (usually 20–30%), which are also responsible for the typical odor. I. pallida
oil contains the dextrorotatory enantiomers while I. germanica oil contains the
levorotatory enantiomers. Most of the processed orris products are
derived from I. germanica roots grown in Morocco.
Fresh orris roots do not contain any irones. These compounds are formed by
an oxidative degradation process from higher molecular precursors, the so-called
iridales, only when the dried orris roots are stored for a longer period. To avoid such a time-consuming procedure, microbiological or special fermentation
processes have been developed.
The oil is very expensive and is used in perfumery and in flavor compositions.
物理的性質
At room temperature, orris concrete from I. pallida Lam. is a light yellow-brown, solid mass;
at 40 to 50°C the product melts to a yellow or yellow-brown liquid. It is soluble in most fixed oils, mineral oil and propylene glycol.
It is insoluble in glycerin.
天然物の起源
Found in the rhizomes of Iris pallida. Lam. (Fam. Iridaceae) (Guenther. 1952; Naves, 1974).
製造方法
By alcoholic extraction of the concrete (Fenarolis Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. 1971).
精油の成分
The oil contains 13 to 17% ketones (sometimes more) calculated as irone 83 to 86% free or partially
esterified fatty acids (e.g., myristic), terpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes and esters.
安全性プロファイル
Low toxicity by ingestion. Whenheated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke andirritating vapors.
Orris oil 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品