Rifampicin NEW

Rifampicin Cas 13292-46-1

Specification

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Rifampicin (also known as Rifampin in the United States) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the rifamycin class. It is a critically important medication, primarily used to treat tuberculosis (TB) and other serious bacterial infections.

Its most remarkable feature is its potent ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting a key enzyme (RNA polymerase) needed for them to make essential proteins and replicate.

Primary and Major Uses

1. Tuberculosis (TB)

• First-line treatment: Rifampicin is a cornerstone of the standard 6-month regimen for active, drug-sensitive tuberculosis. It is almost always used in combination with other antibiotics (like isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) to prevent the development of bacterial resistance.

  Latent TB Infection: It is also used (often alone or with isoniazid) to treat people who have been exposed to TB and have a positive test but no active disease, preventing it from becoming active in the future.

2. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

• It is a key component of the multidrug therapy (MDT) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat leprosy, typically combined with dapsone and clofazimine.

3. Other Bacterial Infections & Prophylaxis

• MRSA Infections: Used in combination therapy for serious infections like osteomyelitis or prosthetic joint infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

  Legionnaires' Disease

  Brucellosis

  Prophylaxis for Close Contacts: Used to prevent infection in people exposed to certain dangerous bacteria, most notably:

• Meningococcal Meningitis: Rifampicin is given to close contacts of someone infected with Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate carriage of the bacteria in the nose/throat and prevent outbreaks.

  Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Mechanism of Action

Rifampicin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This enzyme is essential for bacteria to transcribe DNA into RNA, the first step in protein synthesis. By blocking this process, Rifampicin effectively stops the bacteria from producing proteins necessary for their survival and replication, leading to bacterial death.

Important Considerations and Side Effects

• Red/Orange Bodily Fluids: A well-known and harmless side effect. Rifampicin turns urine, sweat, tears, and saliva a reddish-orange color. It can also permanently stain soft contact lenses.

  Hepatotoxicity: It can cause liver inflammation. Liver function tests are typically monitored during long-term therapy (like for TB).

  Drug Interactions: Rifampicin is a very potent inducer of liver enzymes (cytochrome P450 system). This means it significantly speeds up the metabolism (breakdown) of many other drugs, making them less effective. This is a critical consideration for patients on:

• Birth control pills (can cause contraceptive failure)

  Warfarin and other blood thinners

  HIV antiretroviral drugs (especially protease inhibitors and some NNRTIs)

  Antifungals, immunosuppressants, and many others.

• Other Side Effects: May include flu-like symptoms, gastrointestinal upset, and rash.

  Resistance: Because resistance develops rapidly if used alone, Rifampicin is never used as a single agent to treat active infections (except in specific prophylaxis cases). It is always part of a combination therapy.

Key Takeaways

• Class: Rifamycin antibiotic.

  Core Use: First-line treatment for Tuberculosis (always in combination).

  Other Key Uses: Leprosy, meningitis prophylaxis, and some other serious infections.

  Famous Side Effect: Turns body fluids orange/red.

  Major Issue: Severe drug interactions due to its effect on liver enzymes; patients must review all other medications with their doctor.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Rifampicin is a prescription medication and must be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

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Contact information

Spring Zhang

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Tel:   +86-27-59207892

Website: www.fortunachem.com