Ammonium formate NEW

Ammonium formate Cas 540-69-2

Specification

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Ammonium formate is a chemical compound with the simple formula HCOONH₄. It is the ammonium salt of formic acid. At room temperature, it typically appears as a white, crystalline, and hygroscopic (water-absorbing) solid.

Key Properties and Characteristics

• Solubility: It is highly soluble in water and also dissolves in alcohols like ethanol.

  Decomposition: When heated, it decomposes. A key reaction occurs around 180-200°C, where it decomposes into formamide (HCONH₂) and water. This makes it a useful source of formamide in some synthetic processes.

  Acid/Base Nature: As a salt of a weak acid (formic acid) and a weak base (ammonia), an aqueous solution of ammonium formate is approximately neutral.

Primary Uses

Ammonium formate is a versatile reagent with several important applications, particularly in chemistry and biochemistry:

1. Catalytic Hydrogenation: This is one of its most significant uses. Ammonium formate can act as a safe solid source of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst like palladium on carbon (Pd/C). This process, known as transfer hydrogenation, is used to reduce unsaturated bonds, such as converting alkenes to alkanes or, more commonly, for the debenzylation (removal of benzyl protecting groups) in organic synthesis. It is much safer than using high-pressure hydrogen gas.

2. LC-MS Mobile Phase Additive: In Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), ammonium formate is a popular buffering agent added to the mobile phase (the solvent). It serves two key purposes:

• Buffer: It helps maintain a stable pH, which is crucial for reproducible separation of compounds.

  Source of Ammonium Ions (NH₄⁺): These ions aid in the efficient ionization of analyte molecules in the mass spectrometer, improving sensitivity and signal quality.

3. Precursor to Formamide: As mentioned, its thermal decomposition provides a convenient laboratory route to produce formamide.

4. Protein Reduction Buffer: In biochemistry, it is sometimes used in buffers to help reduce and solubilize proteins for analysis.

In summary, ammonium formate is a useful chemical salt valued for its role as a safe hydrogen donor in organic synthesis and as a key buffering additive in analytical techniques like LC-MS.

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