PVPP NEW

PVPP Cas 25249-54-1

Specification

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1. Chemical Identity and Structure

• Chemical Name: Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP)

  CAS Number: 9003-39-8

  Monomer: The base unit is N-Vinylpyrrolidone.

  Polymerization: It is produced by the bridging polymerization of N-Vinylpyrrolidone. This "bridging" or cross-linking is the key to its properties.

2. The Concept of Cross-Linking

This is the most important chemical concept to understand:

• Regular Povidone (PVP): Made by polymerizing N-Vinylpyrrolidone into long, linear chains. These chains are water-soluble.

  Crospovidone (PVPP): During its manufacturing, "cross-linking agents" (often compounds with two double bonds) create bridges that chemically tie these long chains together into a vast, three-dimensional network.

This cross-linked structure is why it's insoluble. While water can penetrate the network and cause it to swell, the chemical bonds holding the network together are too strong to allow the individual polymer chains to break away and dissolve.

The simplified chemical structure of its repeating unit is:

    O

   ║

 [N-(C₃H₆)-C]   (Within a polyvinyl backbone)

    |

 (CH₂-CH)_n

3. Key Chemical and Functional Properties

4. Primary Function: Tablet Disintegration

This is almost exclusively why Crospovidone is used. The mechanism is physical and mechanical:

1. Water Uptake: When a tablet containing Crospovidone is exposed to water (in the stomach or a dissolution vessel), the Crospovidone particles act like microscopic sponges, drawing water into the tablet through capillary action.

2. Swelling: The Crospovidone particles absorb the water and swell dramatically in volume.

3. Pressure Generation: This swelling creates enormous, radially outward stress within the tightly compressed tablet matrix.

4. Breakup: This internal stress overcomes the bonding forces holding the tablet together, causing it to break apart rapidly into smaller granules and primary powder particles. This process is known as disintegration.

This is crucial because disintegration is the first step before the drug can dissolve and be absorbed by the body.

Summary

In essence, from a chemical perspective, Crospovidone is an ingeniously designed polymer whose insolubility is its greatest asset. Its cross-linked structure allows it to perform a critical physical function—rapidly breaking apart tablets—without chemically interfering with the medicine itself.

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