Cetirizine hydrochloride NEW

Cetirizine hydrochloride Cas 83881-52-1

Specification

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Cetirizine dihydrochloride is a second-generation antihistamine. It is the active ingredient found in many over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription allergy medications. You might know it by common brand names like Zyrtec, Reactine, or Aller-Tec.

• Antihistamine: It works by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical your body releases during an allergic reaction. Histamine is responsible for causing symptoms like itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

  Second-Generation: Unlike older (first-generation) antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine/Benadryl), cetirizine is less likely to cause drowsiness because it does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. However, some people may still feel sleepy.

Primary Uses (FDA/Medical Approved Indications)

Cetirizine is primarily used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic conditions:

1. Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever/Allergic Rhinitis): Sneezing, runny or itchy nose, itchy/watery/red eyes.

2. Perennial (Year-Round) Allergies: Caused by indoor allergens like dust mites, pet dander, or mold.

3. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria: The medical term for chronic hives (red, itchy welts on the skin) with no known cause. It reduces itching and the number/size of hives.

Other Common & "Off-Label" Uses

Doctors sometimes recommend cetirizine for other conditions related to histamine release:

• Skin Allergies and Itching: From conditions like eczema, contact dermatitis, or poison ivy.

  Allergic Asthma (mild, as an add-on): It can help with allergy-triggered asthma symptoms but is not a rescue inhaler for asthma attacks.

  Before Allergy Exposure: Some people take it proactively before known exposure to allergens (e.g., visiting a home with pets).

Key Facts & Important Precautions

• Forms: Tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and liquid syrups.

  Onset & Duration: Starts working within 20-60 minutes and its effects last for 24 hours (typically taken once daily).

  Common Side Effects (usually mild):

• Drowsiness or fatigue (more common than with other 2nd-gen antihistamines like loratadine)

  Dry mouth

  Headache

  Sore throat

  Stomach discomfort

• Important Warnings:

• Alcohol: Can increase drowsiness. Avoid or limit alcohol.

  Operating Machinery: Be cautious until you know how it affects you, as it can impair reaction time.

  Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Consult a doctor before use.

  Medical Conditions: Talk to a doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, or glaucoma.

  Drug Interactions: Can interact with other sedatives, antidepressants, or muscle relaxants. Always inform your doctor/pharmacist of all medications you take.

  Not for Children Under 2: Dosage is age-dependent. Consult a pediatrician for children.

In Summary:

Cetirizine dihydrochloride is a long-acting, non-drowsy (for most people) antihistamine used mainly to treat symptoms of seasonal/year-round allergies and chronic hives. It is widely available, effective, and a first-line treatment for allergic conditions.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes. Always read the product label and consult with a doctor or pharmacist before starting any new medication to ensure it is appropriate and safe for your specific health situation.

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