Meglumine NEW

Meglumine Cas 6284-40-8

Specification

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Meglumine is a chemical compound derived from sugar (a sugar alcohol). Its primary role in medicine is not as an active drug itself, but as a helper ingredient or a carrier molecule. It is used to make certain drugs, especially those used in diagnostic imaging (contrast agents), soluble in water and safe to inject into the body.

Detailed Breakdown

1. Chemical Identity

• Chemical Name: N-Methylglucamine

  Source: It is derived from glucose, a simple sugar.

  Structure: It is an amino sugar, meaning it has both an amine group (-NH₂) and multiple alcohol groups (-OH).

2. Primary Medical Use: As an Excipient

An excipient is an inactive substance that serves as the vehicle or medium for an active drug. Meglumine is a crucial excipient for two main reasons:

• Solubility: Many acidic drugs are not soluble enough in water to be injected. Meglumine, being a base, can react with these acidic drugs to form a salt (e.g., Diatrizoate Meglumine, Iodoxamate Meglumine). This salt form is highly soluble in water.

  Low Toxicity: Compared to other basic compounds like sodium, meglumine is generally well-tolerated and less toxic, which is vital for injectable medications.

3. Key Applications

A. Iodinated Contrast Agents (Radiology)
This is the most common and important use of meglumine. It is the counterion for many iodine-based contrast agents used in X-ray and CT scan procedures.

• Purpose: To enhance the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and other internal structures.

  Examples:

• Diatrizoate Meglumine (e.g., in Gastrografin® for GI studies)

  Iothalamate Meglumine

  Ioxaglate Meglumine

  Gadobenate Dimeglumine (this one is for MRI, see below)

B. MRI Contrast Agents
For Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), meglumine is used with gadolinium-based agents.

• Example: Gadobenate Dimeglumine (MultiHance®).

C. Pharmaceutical Salts for Active Drugs
Meglumine is also used to create stable and soluble salt forms of certain therapeutic drugs.

• Example: Metformin Meglumine, which is a formulation of the common diabetes drug Metformin.

  Example: Adenosine Monophosphate Meglumine, used for some viral infections like shingles.

4. Why is it Used Instead of Sodium?

For contrast agents, you will often see two forms: Meglumine Salt and Sodium Salt. The choice depends on the application:

• Sodium Salts: Have higher osmolality (a measure of particle concentration), which can be more irritating to blood vessels and tissues.

  Meglumine Salts: Have lower osmolality and are considered less irritating and less toxic to the heart and nervous system.

Because of this, meglumine-based agents are often preferred for:

• Injections into arteries (e.g., cerebral angiography).

  Patients with cardiac instability.

  Procedures where lower irritation is critical.

Many modern contrast agents are actually a mixture of meglumine and sodium salts to balance good image quality with lower side effects.

Summary

In essence, meglumine is a vital but often overlooked component that makes many modern diagnostic imaging procedures and some treatments possible and safe.

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Contact information

Spring Zhang

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