2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol/DCMX NEW

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol: A Detailed Overview

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol is a synthetic chlorinated phenolic compound belonging to the chemical class known as halogenated phenols. It is primarily valued for its potent antimicrobial properties and is used extensively as a biocide, preservative, and disinfectant.

Chemical Structure and Properties

The name describes its molecular structure: a phenol ring substituted with two chlorine atoms at the 2 and 4 positions and two methyl groups (–CH₃) at the 3 and 5 positions. This specific arrangement of halogen and alkyl groups significantly enhances its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent by disrupting microbial cell membranes and inactivating essential enzymes.

It typically appears as a white to off-white crystalline solid or powder with a faint, characteristic phenolic odor. It has low solubility in water but is readily soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and ether, which is common for this class of compounds.

Primary Uses and Applications

Its main function is to inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae. Its key applications include:

• Industrial Preservative: It is added to various water-based industrial products to prevent microbial spoilage. This includes:

• Paints, coatings, and adhesives

  Metalworking fluids and cutting oils

  Polymer emulsions and latexes

  Sizing agents and textiles

• Disinfectant and Sanitizer: It serves as an active ingredient in institutional and household disinfectant formulations for hard surfaces.

  Material Protection: It is used to provide temporary protection for materials like wood, leather, and fabrics against mold and mildew.

Mechanism of Action

Like other phenolics, its antimicrobial action stems from its ability to penetrate the microbial cell wall, disrupt the cell membrane, and precipitate cell proteins, leading to cell death. The chlorine atoms increase its reactivity and lipid solubility, allowing it to more effectively penetrate and disrupt microbial membranes.

Safety and Handling

As a halogenated phenol, it is considered to have moderate toxicity. Key safety considerations include:

• Irritation: It can cause skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation.

  Toxicity: It is harmful if swallowed and may cause organ toxicity with prolonged or repeated exposure.

  Environmental Impact: It is toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. Proper handling and disposal are crucial to prevent environmental contamination.

Its use is regulated in various applications. For instance, it is registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a pesticide active ingredient.

In summary, 2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol is a powerful synthetic biocide whose structure is optimized for preserving industrial materials and disinfecting surfaces by effectively controlling microbial growth. Its handling requires appropriate safety precautions due to its inherent toxicity.