CXCR3. a CXC chemokine receptor 3. is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly expressed on activated T cells (especially Th1 and cytotoxic subsets), natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells. It binds chemokines CXCL9. CXCL10. and CXCL11. which are induced by interferon-γ at inflammatory or tumor sites. CXCR3 plays a critical role in directing immune cell migration to sites of inflammation, infection, or neoplasia, making it a key player in autoimmune diseases, viral responses, and cancer immunity.
CXCR3-targeting antibodies are tools or therapeutics designed to modulate this pathway. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CXCR3 can block ligand-receptor interactions, inhibit chemotaxis, or deplete CXCR3-expressing cells. In research, they help elucidate the receptor’s roles in diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Therapeutically, CXCR3 antibodies are explored for autoimmune conditions to dampen pathogenic immune cell infiltration. In oncology, they may limit tumor-associated inflammation or metastasis by disrupting CXCR3-mediated immune cell trafficking.
Current challenges include addressing receptor subtype specificity (CXCR3-A vs. CXCR3-B isoforms), minimizing off-target effects, and optimizing pharmacokinetics. Several CXCR3 antibodies are in preclinical or early clinical trials, highlighting their potential as targeted immunomodulators. Overall, CXCR3 antibodies represent a promising avenue for precision intervention in immune dysregulation and cancer.