CXCR3 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3) is a G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed on activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and other immune cells. It plays a critical role in directing immune cell migration to sites of inflammation by binding to its ligands CXCL9. CXCL10. and CXCL11. which are interferon-inducible chemokines. CXCR3 is strongly associated with Th1-type immune responses, making it a key player in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and tumor immunity.
CXCR3 antibodies are tools used to detect or modulate receptor activity. In research, they enable the identification and isolation of CXCR3-expressing cells via flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, aiding studies on immune cell trafficking and disease mechanisms. Therapeutically, CXCR3-targeting antibodies or antagonists are explored to block pathological immune cell recruitment in conditions like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis. Some antibodies act as antagonists, inhibiting ligand binding and downstream signaling to suppress inflammation.
However, CXCR3's role is context-dependent; while it promotes inflammation in autoimmune settings, it also supports anti-tumor immunity by recruiting effector T cells. This duality complicates therapeutic strategies. Recent studies also highlight splice variants (CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B) with opposing functions, necessitating antibody specificity in experimental or clinical applications. Overall, CXCR3 antibodies remain vital for unraveling immune regulation and developing targeted therapies.