The HOXD11 antibody is a specialized tool used to detect the HOXD11 protein, a member of the homeobox (HOX) gene family critical in embryonic development and body patterning. HOX genes, organized into four clusters (A-D), encode transcription factors that regulate axial identity, limb formation, and organogenesis. HOXD11. part of the HOXD cluster on chromosome 2. plays a key role in vertebrate limb development, particularly in establishing proximal-distal patterning and digit formation. It is also implicated in urogenital system development and tissue regeneration.
HOXD11 antibodies are typically produced in hosts like rabbits or mice using immunogenic peptides derived from conserved regions of the HOXD11 protein. These antibodies enable researchers to study HOXD11 expression and localization via techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Specificity is validated through knockout controls or siRNA knockdown to ensure minimal cross-reactivity with other HOX proteins.
Research applications include investigating developmental disorders, congenital anomalies, and cancer, where HOXD11 dysregulation has been observed. For example, aberrant HOXD11 expression is linked to skeletal malformations, kidney defects, and certain malignancies. The antibody’s utility extends to both basic developmental biology and clinical studies, aiding in elucidating molecular mechanisms of disease. Commercial HOXD11 antibodies vary in clonality (monoclonal/polyclonal), epitope targets, and conjugates, requiring careful selection based on experimental needs. Proper validation and optimization are essential to ensure reliability in diverse biological contexts.