Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is a member of the IGFBP family that modulates the bioavailability and activity of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are critical regulators of cell growth, metabolism, and differentiation. IGFBP1 primarily binds IGF-1 and IGF-2. sequestering them in circulation and limiting their interaction with cell surface receptors. This protein is predominantly expressed in the liver and decidualized endometrium, with its expression influenced by metabolic and hormonal signals, including insulin, glucagon, and hypoxia.
Antibodies targeting IGFBP1 are essential tools for studying its role in physiological and pathological processes. They are widely used in immunoassays (e.g., ELISA, Western blotting) and immunohistochemistry to quantify protein levels, assess tissue localization, or investigate post-translational modifications like phosphorylation, which alters IGF-binding affinity. Research applications include exploring IGFBP1's involvement in pregnancy (e.g., placental development, preeclampsia), metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance, gestational diabetes), and cancer (e.g., tumor proliferation, metastasis).
Clinically, IGFBP1 antibodies have diagnostic potential, particularly in obstetrics, where low maternal serum IGFBP1 levels may indicate fetal growth restriction. Additionally, they aid in understanding IGFBP1's dual role as both an IGF antagonist and a cell-adhesion molecule through integrin interactions. Species cross-reactivity (e.g., human, mouse, rat) is often validated to support translational studies. Robust validation of these antibodies ensures specificity, enabling accurate mechanistic insights into IGF axis regulation and therapeutic targeting.