Somatostatin receptor subtype 1 (SSTR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds somatostatin and cortistatin, neuropeptides involved in regulating hormone secretion, cell proliferation, and neurotransmission. As one of five SSTR subtypes (SSTR1-5), SSTR1 is widely expressed in the central nervous system, endocrine tissues, and certain cancers, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), breast cancer, and gliomas. Its activation inhibits adenylate cyclase, modulates ion channels, and regulates MAPK pathways, influencing cellular responses like apoptosis and hormone release.
SSTR1-specific antibodies are critical tools for studying receptor localization, expression levels, and functional roles in physiological and pathological contexts. These antibodies enable detection of SSTR1 in tissues or cell lines via techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence (IF). In cancer research, SSTR1 expression is assessed to explore its potential as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target, particularly for tumors amenable to somatostatin analog-based treatments or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Commercially available SSTR1 antibodies are typically validated for species reactivity (e.g., human, mouse, rat) and application-specific performance. However, variability in antibody specificity due to receptor homology among SSTR subtypes requires careful validation using controls like SSTR1-knockout models. Ongoing research aims to refine antibody reliability and expand clinical applications in personalized oncology and neuroendocrine disease management.