**Background of AIF Antibody**
The Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein with dual roles in cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. Initially identified for its involvement in caspase-independent programmed cell death, AIF translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus under apoptotic stimuli, triggering chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Beyond apoptosis, AIF is critical for maintaining mitochondrial structure, bioenergetics, and redox balance, supported by its role in regulating respiratory chain complexes.
AIF antibodies are essential tools in studying these processes. They enable detection of AIF’s subcellular localization (e.g., via immunofluorescence) and expression levels (e.g., via Western blot), helping to dissect its pro-apoptotic versus pro-survival functions. Research using AIF antibodies has revealed its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s), ischemic injuries, and cancer, where AIF dysregulation correlates with pathological outcomes.
Structurally, AIF antibodies often target conserved epitopes, such as the N-terminal mitochondrial localization signal or C-terminal DNA-binding domain. Some antibodies distinguish between full-length AIF (∼67 kDa) and its truncated forms, which arise during apoptosis. The development of selective AIF antibodies has advanced therapeutic exploration, including strategies to inhibit AIF-mediated apoptosis in neurodegeneration or enhance its pro-death role in cancer. Overall, AIF antibodies remain pivotal in unraveling the multifaceted biology of AIF and its translational potential.