Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical serine/threonine kinase in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling pathways, which mediate innate immune responses. As part of the IRAK family, IRAK4 is recruited to receptor complexes via the adaptor protein MyD88 upon TLR/IL-1R activation, triggering downstream signaling cascades that activate NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, essential for host defense against pathogens. IRAK4 deficiency in humans results in recurrent bacterial infections, highlighting its non-redundant role in immunity.
IRAK4 antibodies are widely used as research tools to study its expression, phosphorylation status, and interaction partners in immune cells. They help elucidate IRAK4’s regulatory mechanisms in diseases like autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), chronic inflammation, and cancers, where dysregulated TLR/IL-1R signaling contributes to pathogenesis. IRAK4 inhibitors, including small molecules targeting its kinase domain, are under investigation for therapeutic applications. Antibodies also aid in validating inhibitor specificity and monitoring drug effects in preclinical models. However, IRAK4’s dual role in pro-inflammatory and anti-viral responses necessitates careful targeting to avoid immunosuppressive risks. Ongoing research aims to refine IRAK4 modulation strategies for precision immunotherapy.