KIT antibodies target the KIT protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) encoded by the *KIT* proto-oncogene. This transmembrane protein binds to stem cell factor (SCF), activating signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration, particularly in hematopoietic stem cells, mast cells, melanocytes, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Dysregulation of KIT, often due to gain-of-function mutations, is implicated in cancers like gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and melanoma.
In diagnostics, KIT antibodies are vital for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect KIT overexpression or mutations in tumor samples, aiding in GIST identification. Therapeutically, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib block aberrant KIT signaling, revolutionizing GIST treatment. However, resistance due to secondary mutations remains a challenge. Research also explores KIT's role in non-oncological contexts, such as stem cell maintenance and tissue repair.
Monoclonal and polyclonal KIT antibodies are used in research to study signaling mechanisms, protein localization, and interaction partners. Their specificity and utility in both basic and clinical settings underscore their importance in understanding KIT-driven pathologies and developing targeted therapies.